Which of the following is an application of biotechnology in agriculture?

Genetic modification for pest resistance represents a direct application of biotechnology in agriculture. This process involves altering the DNA of crops to enhance their resistance to pests, which can lead to reduced reliance on chemical pesticides and lower crop losses. By incorporating genes that confer resistance to specific insects or pathogens, biotechnologists can develop plants that survive and thrive in environments where they would otherwise be vulnerable.

The development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has enabled farmers to cultivate more resilient crops that not only improve yields but also contribute to sustainable agricultural practices by minimizing chemical inputs. This biotechnological approach is distinct from traditional breeding techniques, which rely on the selective mating of plants over generations without directly manipulating their DNA. While soil nutrient management and conventional crop rotation are crucial agricultural practices, they do not specifically involve biotechnology as it pertains to genetic modification. Therefore, genetic modification for pest resistance clearly stands out as an application of biotechnology in agriculture.