What is the role of enzymes in biotechnology?

Enzymes play a critical role in biotechnology primarily because they catalyze biochemical reactions. This means that they accelerate the rate of these reactions without being consumed in the process. In biotechnological applications, enzymes are essential for various processes, including DNA amplification, fermentation, and the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Their specificity allows for precise control over biological pathways and processes, making them invaluable tools in both research and industrial settings.

While structural components contribute to the physical makeup of cells and energy sources are necessary for cellular functions, these roles do not pertain directly to the catalytic function of enzymes. Insulation for cells is also unrelated, as it pertains more to protective and supportive roles rather than the facilitation of biochemical reactions that enzymes are known for. Overall, the role of enzymes as catalysts is what drives many biotechnological innovations.