What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

The role of RNA in protein synthesis is crucial as it serves to carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled. In this process, messenger RNA (mRNA) transcribes the genetic code from DNA during transcription and then travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Once at the ribosome, mRNA provides the template for assembling amino acids in the order specified by the genetic code, ultimately leading to the formation of a specific protein.

The other options do not accurately describe RNA’s primary function in protein synthesis. While some RNAs, particularly transfer RNA (tRNA), do have roles related to amino acid transport, the main function of RNA, especially mRNA, is to convey the instructions from DNA. Structural support is typically attributed to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) within the ribosome, but that does not encapsulate the primary function in protein synthesis related to genetic information conveyance. Lastly, linking sugars in polysaccharides is more associated with carbohydrate metabolism rather than the function of RNA in protein synthesis. This highlights that RNA’s principal role revolves around the transmission of genetic instructions necessary for protein production.