What is the purpose of an ELISA test?

An ELISA test, which stands for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, is specifically designed to detect and quantify proteins, hormones, or antibodies in a sample. This technique leverages the binding properties of antibodies to target molecules (antigens) in a sample.

During the test, a sample is added to a plate that is coated with a specific antigen or antibody. If the target proteins or antibodies are present in the sample, they will bind to the coated surface. Following that, a secondary enzyme-linked antibody is added, which binds to the target proteins or antibodies. The presence and concentration of the target are then determined through a subsequent enzymatic reaction that produces a measurable signal, such as a color change.

This ability to quantify substances such as proteins, hormones, or antibodies makes ELISA an invaluable tool in diagnostics, including disease detection, monitoring of immune responses, and various research applications. The precision and sensitivity of the ELISA test in measuring concentrations allow for detailed analysis in various fields, including clinical diagnostics and biotechnology.