What is the process of correcting genetic mutations by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient's cells called?

The process of correcting genetic mutations by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient's cells is known as gene therapy. This approach involves introducing new or modified genetic material into a person's cells to correct defective genes responsible for disease development. Gene therapy aims to treat or prevent diseases by focusing on the underlying genetic issues rather than just alleviating symptoms.

In gene therapy, DNA sequences can be designed to replace missing or nonfunctional genes, potentially restoring normal function to the affected cells. This technique has promising applications in treating various genetic disorders, certain cancers, and viral infections, as it allows for targeted intervention at the molecular level.

Recombinant DNA refers specifically to DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different organisms; although relevant to genetic manipulation, it does not specifically describe the therapeutic application in a clinical setting. Cloning involves creating genetically identical copies of cells or organisms and is distinct from the therapeutic application of gene therapy. Genetic screening, on the other hand, is a process used to test individuals for specific genetic mutations or conditions rather than a method of correcting those mutations. Thus, the terminology and application of gene therapy is the most accurate representation of the process described in the question.