What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

The primary function of ribosomes in the cell is to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA). Ribosomes are essential cellular machinery found in all living cells. They read the sequence of mRNA, which is synthesized from DNA, and use that information to translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming proteins. This process involves tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules that bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the sequence specified by the mRNA.

Protein synthesis is crucial for the growth, repair, and maintenance of cellular functions, making ribosomes vital components of cellular operation. Without ribosomes, a cell would be unable to produce proteins needed for numerous functions, including enzyme activity, structural support, and signaling processes, which are critical for the cell's viability and performance.