What is the goal of DNA barcoding?

The goal of DNA barcoding is to identify species using short genetic sequences. This technique is based on the principle that certain regions of DNA, called barcodes, can serve as unique identifiers for various species. By comparing these sequences, scientists can determine the identity of an organism, even if it is known only from a fragment or if it is difficult to distinguish based on physical characteristics alone.

DNA barcoding is particularly valuable in biodiversity studies, taxonomy, and conservation efforts, as it allows for accurate identification of species, which is crucial for monitoring ecological health and managing endangered species. This method is generally more efficient and cost-effective than sequencing entire genomes, as it focuses only on specific, standardized regions of DNA that provide reliable identification across different taxa.

The other choices relate to specific applications of biotechnology that are distinct from the purpose of DNA barcoding. For instance, sequencing entire genomes is a more comprehensive task that goes beyond mere identification, while improving agricultural yields and enhancing biofuel production are focused on increasing efficiency and productivity in those sectors, which is not the primary aim of DNA barcoding.