What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

The function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering is to cut DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes act like molecular scissors, recognizing particular short nucleotide sequences and cleaving the DNA at those sites. This ability to precisely cut DNA is essential for various applications in genetic engineering, such as cloning, where the goal is to insert a specific gene into a plasmid or another DNA molecule. By cutting DNA at specific locations, restriction enzymes allow scientists to isolate and manipulate genes, facilitating research and biotechnology applications such as producing recombinant DNA.

Amplification of DNA sequences involves techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) rather than restriction enzymes. Repairing damaged DNA is typically handled by cellular repair mechanisms and not by the function of restriction enzymes. The synthesis of RNA is accomplished by RNA polymerases, not restriction enzymes, which are specifically involved in the cutting of DNA. Therefore, the action of restriction enzymes is pivotal for enabling the directed manipulation of genetic material, making the correct answer focused on their cutting capability.