What does the term 'buffer' refer to in a biochemical context?

In a biochemical context, the term 'buffer' specifically refers to a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base are added. Buffers are usually composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. This combination allows the solution to maintain a relatively constant pH, which is crucial in many biochemical processes and reactions that can be sensitive to changes in acidity or basicity. By stabilizing the pH, buffers play a vital role in cellular functions, enzyme activity, and metabolic processes.

The ability of a buffer to maintain pH is essential in various applications, including laboratory experiments, biological systems, and industrial processes, ensuring that conditions remain optimal for reactions to occur effectively.