What does 'CRISPR' stand for?

The correct answer is the full form of the acronym 'CRISPR', which is "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats." This term describes a segment of DNA that is found in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. These sequences are characterized by short, repetitive sequences separated by unique DNA from viruses. The 'clustered' nature refers to these sequences being located together in clusters, while 'interspaced' indicates the presence of segments of unique viral DNA between the repeats.

Understanding this concept is critical because CRISPR technology has become a transformative tool in genetic engineering, allowing for targeted modifications to DNA, gene editing, and various therapeutic applications. Each component of the acronym contributes to the definition of these genetic elements, which serve as an adaptive immune system for bacteria, enabling them to recognize and defend against viral attacks.

The other options do not accurately reflect the correct terminology or the scientific concept surrounding CRISPR, thus making them incorrect. The correct understanding of CRISPR is essential for knowledge in biotechnology and genetic research.