Define "in vitro" studies.

"In vitro" studies refer specifically to experiments that are conducted in a controlled environment outside of a living organism, typically in laboratory conditions. These studies often involve the use of cells or biological molecules that are isolated from their natural biological context. In vitro methodologies are crucial for understanding various biological processes, testing the effects of drugs, and exploring cell behavior without the complexities and variabilities that occur within a full living organism.

This approach allows researchers to manipulate and observe biological responses in a more controlled setting, making it easier to establish cause-and-effect relationships. In vitro experiments are widely used in fields such as cell biology, pharmacology, and toxicology, providing insights that are foundational for further research and development in biomedical sciences.